Sbey Research Survey Report – March 2025

Introduction

In March 2025, Sbey Research conducted a region-wide public opinion survey to assess the current state of trust in governance and perceptions of the political process in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). The survey, implemented face-to-face with citizens across key cities and rural areas, aimed to better understand public attitudes toward political institutions, parties, and the future of governance in the region.

This report summarizes the survey's key findings and offers analysis to help policymakers, political actors, civil society organizations, and the general public reflect on the current political climate.

Key Findings

1. Public Trust in Political Institutions

One of the survey's most striking findings is the low level of trust in governmental institutions. When asked about their level of trust in the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), 65% of respondents expressed distrust, while only 22% said they trust the government, and about 13% remained neutral or unsure. 

This signals a serious crisis of legitimacy for the governing institutions. The public no longer perceives the government as acting in their interest or responding to their needs. This distrust has become a structural problem, not just a temporary reaction. 

2. Perceptions of Political Parties

Respondents were also asked how they view the main political parties in the Kurdistan Region. The findings were consistent with the trend of declining confidence. Approximately:

• 66% expressed negative views of political parties,
• 22% had positive or supportive opinions, and
• 12% were neutral or undecided.

This reflects widespread disappointment with the role of political parties in providing solutions or leading meaningful reform. Many participants described the parties as self-serving, disconnected from public concerns, and focused more on power-sharing than good governance.

3. Elections and Political Participation

When asked whether they believe elections in the region are fair and meaningful, responses showed significant skepticism:

• Only around 12% believe that elections are free and fair,
• Over 65% believe that elections are manipulated or predetermined,
• Roughly 22% were uncertain or thought the system needs reform.

This signals an urgent need for electoral reform and greater transparency. The people are increasingly disillusioned with democratic processes, viewing them as symbolic rather than substantial.

Interpretation and Discussion

These findings are not merely numbers—they reflect deep public dissatisfaction with the trajectory of governance and the behavior of political elites in the KRI. The consistent pattern across all indicators—low trust, weak party legitimacy, and disillusionment with elections—points to a broader crisis of representation.

Several interpretations can be drawn:

• Structural Distrust: Trust in institutions does not fluctuate with events or leaders—it has become embedded in public opinion. The government and parties are seen as part of the problem, not the solution. 
• Disconnect Between Government and Citizens: People feel unheard and unrepresented. Many believe that public services, economic policies, and political decisions are designed to benefit elites rather than ordinary citizens.
• Political Fatigue: Citizens are growing tired of a political system that repeats the same patterns without meaningful change. They no longer see elections as a pathway to reform but as a ritual reinforcing the status quo.

Youth and Political Apathy

Youth are among the most disillusioned. Many young people are disengaging from political life altogether, which is deeply concerning for the future of democracy in the region. 

The Road Ahead: What Needs to Change?

Based on the survey results, Sbey Research recommends the following priority areas for policymakers, parties, and civil society actors:

1. Rebuild Trust Through Transparency

The government must communicate more clearly with citizens, publish performance reports, and open public feedback channels. This includes transparency in budgeting, hiring, and service delivery.

2. Reform the Electoral System

Credible electoral reforms are necessary to restore faith in elections. Key steps include independent oversight, improved voter registration, and prevention of party interference. 

3. Internal Party Reform

Political parties must open their structures to internal democracy. The dominance of family, tribal, or economic networks within parties must give way to merit-based leadership and citizen engagement.

4. Engage the Youth

A serious investment is needed in political education and youth inclusion. Platforms should be created for young people to participate, voice their concerns, and lead initiatives.

5. Civic Awareness and Media Campaigns

Organizations like Sbey should continue to engage the public through civic awareness programs. Media, universities, and NGOs should help reshape the culture of political participation.

Conclusion

The March 2025 Sbey survey provides a powerful wake-up call. The people of Kurdistan are speaking—clearly, firmly, and urgently. They want reform. They want representation. They want leaders who listen. 

Once broken, trust is difficult to rebuild, but it is not impossible. This survey's findings should not be a source of fear for political actors; rather, they are an opportunity to reconnect with the people and renew the social contract.

Sbey Research remains committed to providing evidence-based analysis and engaging all actors in dialogue for a more democratic, transparent, and just Kurdistan.